LOCKDOWN IN INDIA

2020 coronavirus lockdown in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search 2020 India coronavirus lockdown Part of 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic Date Phase 1: 25 March 2020 – 14 April 2020) Phase 2: 15 April 2020 – present (scheduled to end on 3 May 2020) Location India Caused by COVID-19 pandemic in India Goals To contain the spread of coronavirus outbreak in India Methods Ban on people from stepping out of their homes All services and shops closed except pharmacies, hospitals, banks, grocery shops and other essential services Closure of commercial and private establishments (only work-from-home allowed) Suspension of all educational, training, research institutions Closure of all places of worship Suspension of all non-essential public and private transport Prohibition of all social, political, sports, entertainment, academic, cultural, religious activities Resulted in Lockdown throughout the country On 24 March, the Government of India under Prime Minister Narendra Modi ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, limiting movement of the entire 1.3 billion population of India as a preventive measure against the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in India.[1] It was ordered after a 14-hour voluntary public curfew on 22 March, followed by enforcement of a series of regulations in the country's COVID-19 affected regions.[2][3] The lockdown was placed when the number of confirmed positive coronavirus cases in India was approximately 500.[1] Observers state that the lockdown has slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every six days,[4] and, by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every eight days.[5] As the end of the lockdown period approached, state governments and other advisory committees recommended extending the lockdown.[6] The governments of Odisha and Punjab extended the state lockdowns to 1 May.[7] Maharashtra, Karnataka, West Bengal and Telangana followed suit.[8][9] On 14 April, Prime minister Narendra Modi extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May, with a conditional relaxation after 20 April for the regions where the spread has been contained.[10] Contents 1 Background 1.1 Janata Curfew 2 Prohibitions 3 Timeline 3.1 First 21 days (25 March – 14 April) 3.2 Extension (15 April – 3 May) 4 Impact 4.1 Migrant workers 4.2 Food supply chain 4.3 Relief 4.4 Impact on Environment 4.5 Effectiveness 5 Reception 6 Controversies 7 See also 8 Notes 9 References Background Main article: 2020 coronavirus pandemic in India File:PM Modi's address to the nation on vital aspects relating to COVID-19 menace.webm PM Modi's address to the nation prior to the lockdown. The Government of India confirmed that India's first case of Coronavirus disease 2019 on 30 January 2020 in the state of Kerala, when a university student from Wuhan travelled back to the state.[11] As the number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases closed 500, PM Modi on 19 March, asked all citizens to observe 'Janata Curfew' (people's curfew) on Sunday, 22 March.[12] At the end of the curfew, Modi stated: "Janata Curfew is just the beginning of a long battle against COVID-19". Following this, while addressing the nation second time on 24 March, he announced the nationwide lockdown from midnight of that day, for a period of 21 days.[13] He said that the only solution to control the spread of coronavirus was to break the cycle of transmission through social distancing.[14] He also added that the lockdown would be enforced more strictly than the Janata Curfew.[15] Janata Curfew The Janata Curfew was a 14-hour curfew (from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.) that was scheduled on 22 March 2020, prior to the total lockdown.[16] Everyone except people of 'essential services' such as police, medical services, media, home delivery professionals and firefighters were needed to take part in the curfew. At 5 p.m. that day, all citizens were asked to stand in their doorways, balconies or windows, and clap their hands or ring their bells in appreciation for the professionals delivering these essential services.[17] People belonging to National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme were to enforce the curfew in the country.[18] The Prime Minister also urged the youth to inform 10 others about Janata Curfew and encourage everyone to observe the curfew.[18] Prohibitions Empty roads during the lockdown in Baroda, Gujarat Part of a series on the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic SARS-CoV-2 without background.png SARS-CoV-2 (virus)COVID-19 (disease) Timeline[show] Locations[show] International response[show] Institutions[show] Medical response[show] Impacts[show] SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg COVID-19 Portal vte The lockdown restricts people from stepping out of their homes.[15] All transport services–road, air and rail–were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of essential goods, fire, police and emergency services.[19] Educational institutions, industrial establishments and hospitality services were also suspended.[19] Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs, petrol pumps, other essentials and their manufacturing are exempted.[20] The Home Ministry stated that anyone who fails to follow the restrictions can face up to a year in jail.[19] Timeline Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a video conference during the lockdown. First 21 days (25 March – 14 April) On 25 March, the first day of the lockdown, nearly all services and factories were suspended.[21] People were hurrying to stock essentials in some parts.[22] Arrests across the states were made for violating norms of lockdown such as venturing out for no emergency, opening businesses and home quarantine violations.[23] The government held meetings with e-commerce websites and vendors to ensure a seamless supply of essential goods across the nation during the lockdown period.[23] Several states announced relief funds for the poor and affected people[23] while the central government was finalising a stimulus package.[24] On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹170,000 crore (US$24 billion) stimulus package to help those affected by the lockdown.[25] The package was aimed to provide food security measures for poor households through direct cash transfers, free cereal and cooking gas for three months.[26] It also provided insurance coverage for medical personnel.[25] On 27 March, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures to help mitigate the economic impacts of the lockdown.[27] Prior to the announcement of the nationwide lockdown, on 22 March, the government had announced that the Indian Railways would suspend passenger operations through 31 March.[28] The national rail network has maintained its freight operations during the lockdown, to transport essential goods.[29] On 29 March, the Indian Railways announced that it would start services for special parcel trains to transport essential goods, in addition to the regular freight service.[30] The national rail operator also announced plans to convert coaches into isolation wards for patients of COVID-19.[31] This has been described as the first time in 167 years that India's rail network had been suspended,[32] although there was also a strike in 1974.[33] On 5 April, citizens all over India cheered and showed solidarity with the health workers, police, and all those fighting the disease by switching off the electric lights at home from 9:00 p.m. to 9:09 p.m.for 9 minutes and lighting diya, candle; and flashing torchlight and mobile flashlight. As the end of the initial lockdown period came near, many state governments expressed their decision to extend it till the end of April. Among them were Odisha,[34] Punjab, [35] Maharashtra,[36] Karnataka with some relaxations,[8] West Bengal and Telangana.[9] Towards the end of the initial period, the rate of growth of COVID infections in India had significantly slowed, from a rate of doubling every three days prior to the lockdown to one of doubling every eight days on 18 April.[5] Extension (15 April – 3 May) On 14 April, PM Modi extended the nationwide lockdown till 3 May, with a conditional relaxation promised after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained by then.[10] He said that every town, every police station area and every state would be carefully evaluated to see if it had contained the spread. The areas that were able to do so would be released from the lockdown on 20 April. If any new cases emerged in those areas, lockdown could be reimposed.[37] On 16 April, lockdown areas were classified as "red zone", indicating the presence of infection hotspots, "orange zone" indicating some infection, and "green zone" with no infections.[38] The government also announced certain relaxations from 20 April, allowing agricultural businesses, including dairy, aquaculture and plantations, as well as shops selling farming supplies, to open. Public works programmes were also allowed to reopen with instructions to maintain social distancing. Cargo transportation vehicles, including trucks, trains and planes, would run. Banks and government centres distributing benefits would open as well.[39] On 25 April, small retail shops were allowed to open with half the staff. Again social distancing norms were to be followed.[40] On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for the states to allow inter-state movement of the stranded persons. States have been asked to designate nodal authorities and form protocols to receive and send such persons. States have also been asked to screen the people, quarantine them and to do periodic health checkups.[41] Impact Food delivery services were banned by several state governments despite the central government's approval.[42] Thousands of people emigrated out of major Indian cities, as they became jobless after the lockdown.[43] Following the lockdown, India's electricity demand fell down to a five-month low on 28 March.[44] The lockdown broke the supply chain of narcotics in Punjab.[45] Many states are keen on opening up liquor shops during this lockdown. Reports of a surge in illicit liquor sales and attempted suicide by some alcoholics and most importantly, drying up revenue from alcohol sale for these states is the main motive.[46] It is now allowed in Maharashtra, Punjab and Kerala.[47][48] Migrant workers An estimated 139 million migrant workers from the countryside work in India's cities and towns. With factories and workplaces shut down, they were left with no livelihood. In the first few days of the lockdown, television screens captured long processions of migrant workers walking miles to go back to their native villages, often with families and young children on shoulders.[49] Two days later, the Uttar Pradesh government decided to arrange buses at Delhi's Anand Vihar bus station to take the migrants back to their villages. Large crowds then gathered at the bus station. The central government issued a press statement stating that it had asked state governments to set up immediate relief camps for the migrant workers returning to their native states.[50] On 29 March, the government issued sweeping orders directing that the landlords should not demand rent during the period of the lockdown and that employers should pay wages without deduction. The people that violated the lockdown were to be sent to government-run quarantine facilities for 14 days.[51][52] The Supreme Court of India agreed to hear a petition on behalf of the migrant workers on 30 March.[53] Migrant workers stand in a queue for food at Delhi Govt school during COVID-19 Lockdown at Delhi On the Evening of 31st March as Many as 120 Migrant workers were beaten up by Indian Police in Gujarat and forcefully rounded up in a single lorry all in Wounded state.[54] Food supply chain The order issued by the Home Ministry on 24 March allowed the functioning of shops dealing with food items as well as the manufacturing units and transportation of "essential goods". However, the lack of clarity on "essential goods" meant that the policemen on the streets stopped workers going to factories and the trucks carrying food items. Food industries also faced shortages of labour because the workers were unable to reach workplaces and the factory managers faced the fear of legal action. All these factors combined to result in shortages and a raise in the prices of food items.[55] Relief On 26 March 2020, the Indian government announced a relief package of $22.6 billion to assist the poor population hit economically by the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan was to benefit the migrant workers through cash transfers and initiatives for food security.[56] However, on 9 April 2020, economists and activists argued that a significant proportion of the affected population was unable to avail the facilities. Only those registered with the federal food welfare scheme were able to secure benefits.[57] According to a Government of India report filed with the Supreme Court of India, state governments operated 22,567 relief camps for stranded migrant workers, of which 15,541 camps (amounting to 68% of all) were operated by Kerala, 1,135 camps by Maharashtra, 178 camps by Tamil Nadu and smaller numbers by other states. Non-governmental organisations were operating 3,909 camps.[58] The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh provided essential services including soaps, masks and food to many all over India during the lockdown.[59][60][61][62][63][64] Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee also offered a helping hand to treat corona positive patients at its Hospitals.[65][66] DSGMC, a counterpart of Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee in Delhi, provided its rooms to hospital staff as they were facing harassment at the hands of landlords and neighbours.[67] Impact on Environment Rivers have become cleaner as industries are shut due to the lockdown.[68][69][70][71][72] Effectiveness People were seen breaching the lockdown and not following social distancing by crowding in vegetable markets in some places.[73][74][75] On 29 March, Prime Minister Modi advised against this, urging people to stay home in his Mann Ki Baat radio address.[76] On 27 March 2020, the police arrested 8 people and registered a complaint against 150 people in Hardoi for gathering at a mosque.[77] On 2 April 2020, thousands of people assembled at temples in various parts of West Bengal defying the lockdown for celebrating Ram Navami.[78][79] 12 members of Tablighi Jamaat were arrested on 5 April 2020 in Muzaffarnagar for defying the lockdown and organising an event.[80] A priest in Andhra Pradesh was arrested for defying the lockdown and organizing a gathering of 150 people in a church.[81] According to a study at Shiv Nadar University, India could have witnessed a surge of 31,000 cases of disease between 24 March and 14 April without lockdown.[82] A group of researchers at the University of Oxford who tracked the governmental policy measures to counter the pandemic rated India's lockdown as one of the most stringent in the world, scoring "100 out of 100" on their tracker. They noted that India implemented school closures, border closure, travel bans etc. but they said it was too early to measure their success in containing the pandemic.[83][84] Shamika Ravi from Brookings Institution in India has noted that the growth rate of the pandemic has slowed from that of doubling every three days before the lockdown to doubling every six days by 6 April. It was derailed in the intervening period by the Tablighi Jamaat event in Nizamuddin.[4] By 25 April, it had further slowed to a rate of doubling every twelve days.[85] Reception Henk Bekedam, WHO Representative to India praised the response describing it as "timely, comprehensive and robust".[2] WHO executive director, Mike Ryan said that lockdowns alone will not eliminate coronavirus. He said that India must take necessary measures to prevent a second and third wave of infections.[86] On 3 April 2020, Dr David Nabarro, WHO's special envoy on the disease, said that ‘Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous’ and was better than waiting for another 3 or 4 weeks.[87] The Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) has issued a report in collaboration with Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University, where it said that a national lockdown is not "productive" and could cause "serious economic damage". It advocated state-level lockdowns in the most affected states. Its models predicted that in the best case scenario, a peak of one million hospitalisations would be encountered in early June.[88][89][90][a] In an op-ed in The New York Times, the CDDEP director Laxminarayan explained that if the national lockdown finds good compliance, it would reduce the peak infections in early May by 70 to 80 percent, but still 1 million would require hospitalisation and critical care. He further hypothesised, If the lockdown was not imposed the number of critical patients would have reached 5-6 million.[92] Two researchers from the University of Cambridge have come up with a new mathematical model that predicts a flat 49 day countrywide lockdown or sustained lockdown with periodic relaxation extending over two months may be necessary to prevent COVID-19 resurgence in India.[93] Controversies Many Reportings have come that the Police is using Brutal Force to restrict the people from getting outside, by beating them on the road, and harassing Migrant Workers.[94] See also 2020 Hubei lockdowns 2020 Italy coronavirus lockdown 2020 Malaysia movement control order Curfews and lockdowns related to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic Notes There was some confusion regarding the involvement of the Johns Hopkins University as the University said that the use of its logo was unauthorised. However, the University's International Health twitter handle reaffirmed its association with the CDDEP and the report. The Princeton University also acknowledged the affiliation of its researchers and pointed out that the work will be submitted to peer review.[91] References Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai (24 March 2020). "Modi Orders 3-Week Total Lockdown for All 1.3 Billion Indians". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. "COVID-19: Lockdown across India, in line with WHO guidance". UN News. 24 March 2020. Helen Regan; Esha Mitra; Swati Gupta. "India places millions under lockdown to fight coronavirus". CNN. R0 data shows India’s coronavirus infection rate has slowed, gives lockdown a thumbs up, The Print, 14 April 2020. Shekhar Gupta, Covid hasn’t gone viral in India yet, but some in the world & at home can’t accept the truth, The Print, 18 April 2020. Close schools, all religious activities, extend lockdown: States tell Centre, India Today, 7 April 2020. Anuja (10 April 2020). 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